Nonpoint Source Control Three

"Base" vs. "incremental" funds

In FY 1999, national 319 appropriations were increased by $100 million to $200 million. The purpose of the additional $100 million was to develop and implement restoration strategies. The additional $100 million are called “incremental funds” while the original funds are called “base funds.” Each state receives a portion of incremental funds and of base funds. In fiscal year 2005, the combined appropriation was $207.3 million, (down by more than $30 million from its peak in fiscal year 2003 (U.S. EPA presentation, 1/05).

Base funds can be used to support any activity described in the state’s nonpoint source management plan. In other words, these funds can be used to restore impaired waters and to protect unimpaired waters from future problems. Up to 20 percent of the base funds can also be used to develop TMDLs and/or watershed-based plans for waters that are not 303(d) listed. This 20 percent can also be used to conduct monitoring or program development.

In guidance, EPA requires that incremental funds be used “…to develop and implement watershed based plans that address nonpoint source impairments in watersheds that contain 303(d) listed waters.” Projects funded with incremental dollars must have a watershed-based plan that includes specific elements. States can use up to 20 percent of the incremental funds to develop TMDLs and watershed-based plans for impaired waters, but the majority of the funds must be used to implement restoration.

Applying for 319 funds

The application process varies from state to state. Generally, the states send out a “request for proposals” once a year. The request describes the application process and grant requirements. Contact your state 319 coordinator and ask to be added to the mailing list for 319 grant notices. Keep in mind that many states have a long lead-time on proposals. Some processes take as long as year or two from the request for proposals to actual funding.

Watch-dogging how 319 dollars are spent

States are required to report annually on their progress in meeting nonpoint source management program milestones. This report should include information on reductions in nonpoint source pollution, improvements in water quality as a result of program activities and information about projects funded through the program. Contact your state 319 coordinator and request the most recent report.

Influencing how 319 dollars are spent

The most obvious way to influence grants is to apply for one yourself! Alternatively, you might support other applicants from your watershed by writing a letter of support for their application, providing in-kind support or otherwise adding value to their project. In some states, citizens can also participate on an advisory committee that reviews grant proposals and makes program recommendations.

Changing the system

The public participation requirements of the 319 program are frustratingly weak. States are not required to hold public hearings or to take comment on the 319 grant program. However, many states do take public comment on their 319 program revisions (at least every five years) - giving you a chance to voice your concerns. Other alternatives include meeting with the state agency or elected officials, or expressing your concerns directly to the EPA. Remember, states are required to show “satisfactory progress” in their program before receiving each year’s new funding, and the EPA is charged with reviewing that progress.